Semen samples were diluted in a commercially available extender (Androhep Lite Minitube of America, Inc.) to achieve a ratio of semen to extender of 1:5. Gel-free semen volume and gel weight were determined gravimetrically using a top-loading balance (Acculab Minitube of America, Inc.). Briefly, semen was filtered (US BAG, Minitube of America, Inc., Verona, WI) during collection to remove gel. Semen was collected using the gloved hand technique and was analyzed for volume, sperm concentration, total sperm cells, and characteristics of sperm motility as previously described (Estienne et al., 2007). The working hypothesis in our laboratory is that because of greater "bio-availability", semen quality and fertility in boars fed diets supplemented with 0.3 ppm selenium from an organic source will be superior to that produced from boars fed an equal amount of inorganic selenium. Nicholasville, KY) is an organic source of selenium that consists primarily of selenomethionine. Mahan and Kim (1996) suggested that selenite may not be as biologically effective as the selenium indigenous in grains, which is incorporated in an organic form (selenomethionine). Because of environmental concerns, however, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, 1987) allows a maximum of only 0.3 ppm supplemental selenium in swine diets. Improvements in sperm production, sperm morphology, and fertility have been reported for boars fed diets supplemented with inorganic selenium (sodium selenite), generally at levels of 0.5 ppm (Marin-Guzman et al., 1997, 2000a, 2000b). 1981 Marin-Guzman et al., 1997, 2000a, 2000b Jacyno, 2002 Kolodziej and Jacyno, 2005), and there is strong evidence to support the inclusion of this mineral in the daily ration. Kenney (often marketed under a brand name - e.g.Several research groups have conducted studies to investigate the effects of supplemental selenium on reproductive characteristics of boars (Segerson et al.MS Dilufert, various generations (3, 6, 9, 10).When private donors ship chilled semen outside of the formal regulatory environment, and fertilization is accomplished by allowing sperm to swim through the reproductive tract without the help of procedures such as IVF, then it is possible to achieve better results without antibiotics. This is because in procedures such as IVF with frozen sperm, the sperm does not need to swim up the reproductive tract on their own, and the detrimental effects of the antibiotics are not problematic. In human semen extenders, antibiotics are required for regulatory reasons, so their use is almost universal in clinics, even though antibiotics can be detrimental to sperm. The latter - gentamicin - has been noted to reduce sperm motility in the equine. Ticarcillin (often used in combination with clavulanic acid under the designation timentin), amikacin sulfate, penicillin, and gentamicin are commonly used. Other extenders (e.g., INRA '96) may also contain milk components.Īntibiotics are almost universal in semen extenders, especially those being used for shipping or freezing semen. Dual-sugar extenders typically have similar ingredients, with an additional sugar, sucrose. Kenney) has been used for many years, and contains a non-fat dried milk solid (NFDMS) and glucose. In the equine Kenney extender (named after its developer, Dr. Egg yolk, which has cryoprotective properties, is also a common component. Typical cryoprotectants include glycerol, DMSO and dimethylformamide. In the case of freezing extenders, one or more penetrating cryoprotectants will be added. Semen extender also serves to protect sperm from bacteria by adding antibiotics to it to prevent increase of bacteria. The addition of extender to semen protects the sperm cells against possible damage by toxic seminal plasma, as well as providing nutrients and cooling buffers if the semen is to be cooled.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |